Relations between Age, Weight, Refractive Error and Eye Shape by Computerized Tomography in Children

PURPOSE: To investigate relationships between age, weight, refractive error, and morphologic changes in children's eyes by computerized tomography (CT). METHODS: Of the 772 eyes of 386 patients under the age of 20 years, who visited our Department of Ophthalmology between January 2005 to August 2006 and underwent CT of the orbit, 406 eyes of 354 patients with clear CT images and normal eyeball contour were enrolled in the present retrospective study. The axial lengths, widths, horizontal and vertical lengths, refractive errors, and body weight of eyes were measured, and relationship between these parameters were investigated. RESULTS: Axial length was found to correlate significantly with eye width (r=0.914), and in emmetropic eyes and myopic eyes, axial lengths and widths were found to increase as age and body weight increased. Axial lengths increased rapidly until age 10, and then increased slowly. In emmetropic eyes, widths / axial lengths increased with age, but in myopic eyes these decreased as age or severity of myopia increased. Moreover, as age increased, the myopic population and severity also increased. CONCLUSIONS: The axial length was longer in case of myopia compared to emmetropia in all age groups and there was almost no difference in the increase rate of axial length by the age of myopia and emmetropia. However, the width was wider in case of myopia compared to emmetropia in all age groups and the increase rate of width in myopia by age was smaller than that of emmetropia. Myopia showed decreasing rate of width/axial length with increase of age, from 1.004 in 5 years to 0.971 in 20 years. However, emmetropia showed increasing rate of width/axial length with increase of age, from 0.990 in 5 years to 1.006 in 20 years.

Incidence, Treatment and Prognosis of Terson's Syndrome

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of Terson's syndrome, to find the proper time for its treatment, and to give a prognosis of visual acuity. METHODS: In order to investigate the incidence of Terson's syndrome, 228 patients were taken as the subjects of this study from among the total 275 patients who had been hospitalized in the neurosurgical department for a year. Forty-seven patients were excluded who developed vitreous hemorrhage due to any cause other than intracranial hemorrhage and could not be followed up for three months. In the fundus examination of study subjects, the incidence of Terson's syndrome based on preceding diseases and the patient age, and prognosis of visual acuity with surgical treatment were analyzed according to the Snellen chart, along with nine eyes of seven patients who showed vitreous hemorrhage. RESULTS The average incidence of Terson's syndrome between groups was 3.1%; it was 3.7% for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 2.6% for the other patients (subdural hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage). The 29% of the subjects were due to binocular involved. Patients in their 40's and 50's accounted for 6.0%, which was higher the percentage of any other age group. The decision as to whether or not to surgically treat Terson's syndrome was made based on the extent of visual acuity improvement during the three months after vitreous hemorrhage development. Thus, we observed comparatively good long-term prognoses for visual acuity and a low frequency of complications occurring. CONCLUSIONS: We expect a relatively good prognosis of visual acuity and a low occurrence of complications. More research similar to this case-control study is needed to confirm the usefulness of such therapy.

Incidence, Treatment and Prognosis of Terson's Syndrome

PURPOSE: To investigate the incidence of Terson's syndrome, to find the proper time for its treatment, and to give a prognosis of visual acuity. METHODS: In order to investigate the incidence of Terson's syndrome, 228 patients were taken as the subjects of this study from among the total 275 patients who had been hospitalized in the neurosurgical department for a year. Forty-seven patients were excluded who developed vitreous hemorrhage due to any cause other than intracranial hemorrhage and could not be followed up for three months. In the fundus examination of study subjects, the incidence of Terson's syndrome based on preceding diseases and the patient age, and prognosis of visual acuity with surgical treatment were analyzed according to the Snellen chart, along with nine eyes of seven patients who showed vitreous hemorrhage. RESULTS The average incidence of Terson's syndrome between groups was 3.1%; it was 3.7% for patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and 2.6% for the other patients (subdural hemorrhage, epidural hemorrhage). The 29% of the subjects were due to binocular involved. Patients in their 40's and 50's accounted for 6.0%, which was higher the percentage of any other age group. The decision as to whether or not to surgically treat Terson's syndrome was made based on the extent of visual acuity improvement during the three months after vitreous hemorrhage development. Thus, we observed comparatively good long-term prognoses for visual acuity and a low frequency of complications occurring. CONCLUSIONS: We expect a relatively good prognosis of visual acuity and a low occurrence of complications. More research similar to this case-control study is needed to confirm the usefulness of such therapy.